Piezoelectric ceramics/Piezoelectric materials
Piezoelectric Ceramics
It is a special ceramics that expands and contracts depending on voltage
Piezoelectric ceramics is a polycrystalline ceramics that is made by sintering high pure powder like titanium oxide and barium oxide. When piezoelectric ceramics is exerted forcefully (mechanical energy is applied), it generates electric voltage (the direct piezoelectric effect). Conversely, when piezoelectric ceramics is applied with voltage, it expands or shrinks depending on the polarity of voltage (the reverse piezoelectric effect). In this manner, piezoelectric ceramics can convert electric energy to mechanical energy, and vice versa (Piezoelectric effect). By applying polarization treatment (a DC high voltage is applied on ceramics under a high temperature to orientating the spontaneous polarization), ceramics has piezoelectric effect.
〇The direct piezoelectric effectt and the reverse piezoelectric effect
Ultrasonic sound are generated using piezoelectric ceramics
When AC voltage is applied to piezoelectric ceramics…
When an AC voltage is applied to piezoelectric ceramics with electrodes attached, it vibrates due to the piezoelectric effect and generates ultrasound.
A vibration using a resonance frequency can generate ultrasound having a larger amplitude. As a resonant frequency depends on the shape of ceramics, a piezoelectric ceramics is made in a suitable shape for obtaining a necessary frequency.
Piezoelectric Materials/Characteristic Table
Piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric polymer film, and piezoelectric thin film are used as piezoelectric materials to generate ultrasound.
Piezoelectric ceramics [BaTiO3, PZT, (Bi,Na)TiO3, KNN]
Piezoelectric ceramics is polycrystal ceramics made by compressing a high pure powder such as titanium oxide and barium oxide and firing it at a high temperature.
The piezoelectric property is obtained through a polarization process.
Piezoelectric materials
Piezoelectric polymer film [P(VDF-TrFE)
A piezoelectric polymer film is produced by forming a film from molten polymer or its solution, and applying a polarization process to the film. This type of piezoelectric material is characterized by very low acoustic impedance, flexibility and ease of forming a thin film from a solution.
Piezoelectric thin film (ZnO)
A piezoelectric thin film is made by sputtering zinc oxide (ZnO).
To make an ultrasonic transducer, zinc oxide film is formed on a substrate such as quartz or sapphire in a C-axis orientation.
Table of physical properties
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